Dapeng Fortress, located in Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China, was originally known as "Dapeng Guarding Thousand-household Fortress." It was established in the 27th year of the Hongwu reign (1394) during the Ming Dynasty. As a crucial military defense stronghold along China's southeastern coast during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Dapeng Fortress has witnessed Shenzhen's transformation from a remote fishing village to a modern metropolis.
The fortress was initially built as a military base to defend against Japanese pirates and was part of the Ming Dynasty's defense system. Throughout the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a significant number of troops were stationed here to safeguard the coastline of southern China. During the reigns of Kangxi and Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, the fortress was expanded and fortified, becoming an essential part of the coastal defense network.
Dapeng Fortress is rectangular, covering an area of approximately 100,000 square meters. The fortress is surrounded by sturdy walls, and its internal layout is meticulously planned, reflecting the typical Lingnan architectural style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Gates: Three main gates remain—South Gate (Yingxun Gate), East Gate (Gongchen Gate), and West Gate (Zhenwei Gate), each equipped with watchtowers.
Walls: Constructed using stone blocks and tamped earth, the walls are about six meters high and 1.2 meters thick, with shooting holes designed for defense.
Ancient Streets and Alleys: The fortress features well-preserved alleyways lined with Qing-era blue brick houses and ancestral halls.
Residences of Military Officials: Notable structures include the mansion of General Liu Qilong and the former residence of the sixth garrison officer, Wang Dazhong, showcasing the military and cultural heritage of the time.
Guandi Temple: A significant spiritual site honoring the values of loyalty and righteousness, where soldiers and residents worshipped.
Dapeng Fortress has been home to numerous historical heroes, the most renowned being Qing Dynasty General Lai Enjue. During the First Opium War, he led troops in resistance against British invaders, playing a vital role in the defense of the Dapeng Bay area. His bravery earned the fortress a reputation as a "stronghold of coastal defense in southern China."
Additionally, Dapeng Fortress played a crucial role in both the Opium War and the War of Resistance Against Japan, serving as a key defensive position against foreign invaders.
Beyond its military significance, Dapeng Fortress remains an important cultural heritage site in Shenzhen, preserving a variety of traditional customs.
Festivals and Celebrations: Activities such as lion and dragon dances, temple fairs, and folk performances highlight the rich Lingnan culture.
Traditional Handicrafts: Local artisans continue to pass down skills like wood carving, bamboo weaving, and dragon boat crafting.
Maritime Culture: As a coastal town, Dapeng retains a strong connection to its fishing heritage.
In recent years, the Shenzhen government has invested heavily in the preservation and restoration of Dapeng Fortress, ensuring its historical integrity.
Heritage Restoration: Conservation efforts follow the "restoration to original state" principle, focusing on preserving the fortress walls, ancient buildings, and cultural relics.
Tourism Development: Recognized as a national 4A tourist attraction, Dapeng Fortress attracts numerous visitors annually.
Cultural Promotion: Festivals, educational programs, and historical exhibitions help spread awareness and appreciation of its rich history.
Dapeng Fortress is not only a significant cultural landmark in Shenzhen but also a vital testament to China's coastal defense history. It embodies a rich blend of military, folk, and maritime culture. Today, it stands as a bridge connecting history with modernity, showcasing Shenzhen's deep historical heritage to the world.
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[2] Dapeng Fortress and Nanao Market Town Embark on the Path of "Organic Renewal." Shenzhen Overseas Chinese Newspaper. [Accessed: 2019-12-22]
[3] Dapeng Fortress: A Shining Historical Pearl in Shenzhen. People's Daily. [Accessed: 2014-05-26]
[4] Dapeng Fortress: An Authentic Historical and Cultural Relic of Shenzhen. People's Daily Online. [Accessed: 2019-12-22]
[5] State Council Notice on the Announcement of the Fifth Batch of National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units and Merging Projects with Existing National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units. Chinese Government Website. [Accessed: 2019-12-22]
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